The purple-leaf plum is a deciduous tree of the genus Prunus in the Rosaceae family. Its branches are purple-red, the leaves are ovate to obovate, brownish purple; the leaves are displayed in mid-April, and the leaves are deciduous in mid-November. They do not change color throughout the year; they like a warm, humid climate and require soil Lax. Purple-leaf plums are generally reproduced by grafting, but the cost is high, reproduction is slow, easy to mutate, and life span is short. In recent years, the author has carried out autumn and winter cutting technology experiments on purple leaf plum. The results show that the method is low in cost and fast, and the cutting survival rate is more than 95%. Now briefly introduce its technology:
1. The cuttings are ready to choose a tree that is 3 to 4 years old and grows robustly as the mother tree. After deciduous leaves in late autumn, cut the old branches without diseases and insect pests from the mother tree. It can also be combined with plastic pruning to cut the thick, full buds, free of diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage as cuttings. Cut the selected cuttings into branches of 40 to 50 cm, bundle them in 100 to 200 pieces, and bury them in wet sand for storage.
2. Nursery field selection and site preparation The nursery field should choose a place with convenient irrigation and transportation and transportation, and the soil layer should be deep, fertile, and loose sandy loam. Before soil preparation, evenly sprinkle 1 to 1.5 tons of decomposed farm manure per acre, and sprinkle 1500 grams of 50% carbendazim in the soil for soil sterilization; then use 4000 grams of 50% zinc sulfophosphate granules to kill Underground pests. Then deep plow, fine rake, level the land, remove weeds, waste agricultural film and other sundries, and make borders. The border length is determined according to the field, the border is 1 meter wide; a ditch is left between the border and the border, with a width of 0.3 meters and a depth of 0.2 meters. Suppress it a little after it is done, cultivating and raking the border noodles to prepare cuttings.
3. Cutting time is from late November to mid-December. 4. Cutting method Before cutting, first cut off the branches that have just been cut or stored in wet sand, cut off the weak branches and the dry shrinkage part, and then cut the long branches from the bottom up to 10 to 12 cm. Cuttings with 3 to 5 buds. Cut the lower end of the cuttings into a smooth slope near the buds to increase the contact surface between the cambium and the soil, which is conducive to rooting. Cut the upper end of the cuttings 0.8 to 1 cm from the eye of the bud into a flat plane. After cutting the cuttings, immediately immerse the lower end slope in clean water for 15 to 20 hours so that the cuttings can absorb enough water. Use 50×10-6ABT6 rooting powder to make a rooting agent in proportion, and dip the cuttings to facilitate rooting. The cuttings are inserted into the soil obliquely downwards, the row spacing is 5×5 cm, and the buds at the upper end are 0.5 to 1 cm above the ground. Immediately after cutting, put water and irrigate to make the cuttings close to the soil. After the ground is slightly dry, cover it with a double layer of mulch to protect the moisture. At the same time, a small plastic arch shed with a height of 1 meter and the same width as the border is built on the border surface to facilitate heat preservation and protection from the cold.
4.减少苗木管理。幼苗beds with plastic mulch and small arch sheds can be kept for a long time without irrigation. If the soil under the mulch is dry, irrigate once along the furrow.
When the low temperature drops to minus 5°C, a straw curtain should be added to the arch shed to prevent freezing and heat preservation; when the low temperature rises to 0°C, the straw curtain should be opened during the day and the grass curtains around at night; when the low temperature reaches above 5°C, the arch shed should be opened during the day , Properly release the air to prevent high temperature burns to the seedlings. At the beginning of March, when the seedlings are 3 to 5 cm high, uncover the mulch and ventilate the seedlings during the day, and gradually increase the amount of ventilation as the seedlings grow. From mid-to-late March to early April, keep the seedbed moist. Remove the shed film in mid-April, apply fertilizer, weeding and watering in time.
5. Management of transplantation seedlings in late April, choose rainy or sunny days after 4 pm for transplantation. Before the emergence of seedlings, fill the seedbed with sufficient water to facilitate the emergence of seedlings to reduce root damage, and the root system can be more soiled. Seedlings are now planted now to improve the survival rate of transplantation. When transplanting, the row spacing is 20 cm × 30 cm. Before transplanting, apply 4 to 5 tons of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.05 tons of ternary compound fertilizer with a content of 15% per mu of land before transplanting. Pour enough water after planting, keep the nursery land not dry or wet, and strengthen the prevention and co控制疾病的昆虫和杂草。早在6月e, before rainy days or before the soil is dry and irrigated, 0.025 tons of urea per mu of land was sprayed to promote the growth of seedlings.